Effects Of Hearing Punishment On Children - 1563 Words

What is the first thing that comes to mind when hearing punishment? How about discipline? For numerous children they recall the abuse they have suffered. Meanwhile, others, more fortunate, will possibly recall time-outs or having a toy taken away. According to the Child Maltreatment 2014 report, â€Å"For 2014, a nationally estimated 1,580 children died of abuse and neglect at a rate of 2.13 per 100,000 children in the national population† (Child Maltreatment 2014). This rate is deplorable. More importantly, there is no reason children should suffer neglect or abuse. Many parents, unfortunately, believe that spanking their children (â€Å"physical discipline†) is the right way to discipline their children. However, children should not experience†¦show more content†¦Especially since â€Å"physical discipline† is ineffective, there are laws against it, and there are safer ways to discipline children. Parents who rely solely on â€Å"physical disciplineà ¢â‚¬  think they are fixing the behavior of their children; however, they are only causing other complications. Eventually, children who are brutally abused show signs, the obvious ones being bruised, cuts, malnourishment, and/or fatal injuries. According to Health and Human Services, children who are abused tend to have speech problems and/ or lack supervision. Also, they are chronically dirty or unbathed, and/or behind in school (Warning Signs for Child Abuse or Neglect). These are only a few of the countless examples of the effect abuse can have on children, each proving that abusive discipline is ineffective in the sense of the child s wellbeing. In a personal interview, Dr. Riana Elyse Anderson was asked if abuse or â€Å"physical discipline† is effective, she stated, â€Å"the minute your hand becomes a fist or the minute you start leaving marks that’s where anything effective goes out the window. And the child is more than likely to have some sort of trauma or negative memory from that† (Dr. Anderson). Harming a child will not cause them to fix their behavior instead they will either continue to misbehave or they will stop, but only out of fear. Many would then argue that fear is an effective way to discipline children. This is a fallacy, according to the Center of Developing Children at Harvard

My First Semester At Goizueta - 1596 Words

Over this past semester, I learned a lot about myself, how to communicate, and Goizueta’s expectations. Now a semester in, I find it vital to take time to reflect. As executive coach and Stanford Business graduate Jennifer Porter notes, â€Å"Reflection gives the brain an opportunity to pause amidst the chaos, untangle and sort through observations and experiences, consider multiple possible interpretations, and create meaning† (2017, p. 1). As you will see, this reflection has enabled me to summarize my first semester, discover what I have learned about myself, lay out a path for growth, and create meaning. I hope you will use my reflection as a marker for what future students can uncover about themselves, and incorporate that information in†¦show more content†¦I found I am sometimes uncomfortable with ambiguity, can be overly self-critical, and overly direct. My uneasiness with ambiguity was manifested in our class. BCOM was one of the most ambiguous classe s I enrolled in at Emory, meaning our class was presentations and STAR stories rather than equations and bubbling in answer sheets. However, over this semester I started to accept ambiguity. In the job I get, I will be giving presentations not bubbling answer sheets. More generally, I realized the world is flush with ambiguity, and it is imperative that I embrace it. Secondly, I can be overly self-critical. In some ways this trait is a good thing- I can push my self to be better. Although, sometimes the reverse can happen. I can also discourage myself from attempting to do challenging things. For instance, I regarded myself as a terrible interviewer entering the Business School. I avoided interviews at all costs, and truthfully I was elated that Emory and Goizueta didn’t require an interview in their application. I realized this behavior was destructive. More importantly, I realized this behavior can be worked on. So, I did. I went through multiple practice interviews, did extensive research on how to interview successfully, read about companies I was interested in, and constructed stories/answers to some of the most asked questions. A few weeks ago, when the Skype interview call came in, I was ready. At theShow MoreRelatedMy Experience At A Wonderful Semester Of Bus 3651614 Words   |  7 PagesThank you for a wonderful semester of BUS 3 65! My first semester in Goizueta would not have been the same without the lessons learned in your class. Over the past few months, I have seen my own strengths and weaknesses in action, as well as gained knowledge of principles that have shaped how I absorb information and react to stress. I hope that by reading the following self-reflection report, you see how incredibly valuable the knowledge you pass on to your students is. Truly, you have not only helped

Market Research Religion and Luxury Brand

Question: Discuss about the Market Research for Religion and Luxury Brand. Answer: Background of the study: The type of luxury consumption depends on the behavior of the consumer and the way they consume the good. There are a number of products that might not be considered as a luxury product but it can be a product that is desired. The product tends to transcend their utility. The objects that are desired will be helpful in communicating the status and others who we are. The concept of status, desire and luxury is the concept that is discussed a hundred years ago. The well known economist Thorstein Veblen in the book The Theory of Leisure Class was able to explain that the act of purchasing of the expensive items was a way of communicating by the people their social status (Schade et al. 2016). He has implied that the purchasing of the luxury goods like expensive houses, gold and diamonds was a form of Wealth signaling (Butcher and Phau 2015). The preferences of the consumer are the outcome of the individualistic choices of the human intellect and a more complex behaviour with unclear de sire as a part of something bigger. The consumption that is made is not done in vacuum. The purchases that is made by the people, the people associated, the place we live, the places we visit helps in possessing meaning for the social identity and self identity. Researchers have shown a contradiction in the desired good purchase and the luxury goods purchase (Hurriyetdailynews.com 2016). Some of the research has shown that women they buy luxury bags to express style but some women used it for preventing stealing of men by other women. The characteristic for possessing luxury items is present in not only women but also men, young people, rich and poor. Problem Definition: The main purpose of the study is to see the way the consumers they interpret the concept luxury. There is unlimited variety of goods that is offered by the customers in the modern world. The way the buyers they make choices in the modern market with so many products and services is something that is to be looked into. Consumer behaviour is seen to be affected by the motives and the motivation. The proper definition of luxury consumption is subjective. The luxury consumption might be dependent upon the brand, price or the advertisement (Lloyd and Cheah 201). There is no universal meaning of luxury across the world. Luxury depends on the amount of money earned, the spending capacity and spending done on consumption (Joy et al. 2014). Class is an important factor that governs the purchasing decision of the people. In case of the Australian population, the younger population desires more of luxury goods for flaunting. The older generation is not much concerned with the usage of the expensive item (Liu et al. 2012). The luxury groups of consumers are divided into the number of extroverts and the introverts. It is very important to measure the luxury that is consumed by the people as this helps in reflecting the taste patterns of the people. Luxury consumption of the people can be measured through the amount of money that is spent by the people or that they possess (Lloyd and Cheah 2015). In order to conduct the research, the data will be generated from both the young and the old population in Australia. It is very important for the researcher to conduct a research on the type of goods consumed then this will be helpful in the marketing agents to decide on the type of consumers they are going to target. The following are the research questions: How do the consumers determine luxury consumption? What are factors that affect the luxury consumption? Literature Review: The identification and the understanding of the consumer passion based on the luxury brand are called the art and is a part of science. With the rise of the social media , the luxury type of brand has been able to engage more number of consumers with a deeper level of sentiments and gauge that is based on the interaction. With a number of comments on the product it is very important to understand the brands having insight the way the people they think and feel of the product, happening and the campaigns (Sikkel 2013). The term conspicuous consumption was coined by Veblen, which has shown that the wealthier consumers they are able to distinguish themselves from the masses who are not able afford the commodity (Lloyd and Cheah 2015). Term luxury has changed to new luxury. New luxury is the proliferation in the mass market, affordability, divorced status from the social class and availability in the mass market can show the luxury brand status (Kim, Lloyd and Cervellon 2016). The term luxury is the reciprocal of the appeal of conspicuousness as the upper end of the market. There are evidences that shown that with the rise in the price the conspicuousness of the brand also increases (De Barnier, Falcy and Valette-Florence 2012). The luxury brand has shown the conspicuous and the inconspicuous shift in the brand. It is getting difficult in the modern day, to locate the person with luxury, as there are people who rent luxury car for pleasure. With the presence of the anonymity in the urban life, it is a ffordable to sacrifice the less visible necessities care , food and shelter to afford the visible type of luxuries like watches , designer clothes , mobile phone which is terms as leaping luxuries by Belk (Chan et al. 2014). The person who does not make this type of sacrifices then there is availability of counterfeits and knockouts. These types of trends tend to dilute the status, which help in signalling status ability of luxury goods. There are evidences that have shown that well-established status will be seeking for the luxury consumption not for the status signal but the pleasure that is provided (Clift, Sim, and Sinclair 2013). It is very important to understand the shift from the conspicuous to inconspicuous consumption. The data of the economy will help in understanding the purchasing patterns. In the US data , it was seen that the Hispanics and the blacks they devote a large amount of their income in case of the conspicuous consumption of automobiles , jewellery and clothing than the whites. The differences are based on racial difference group. Since the blacks have lower income and come from lower status than whites so to flaunt their status they purchase more visible goods to flaunt (Patino, Pitta and Quinones 2012). The term luxury is very confusing as there are commodities that is used for the own personal taste or is based on the family. Since the item is affordable to that person then it is considered a normal good but a person with a lower income might be thinking eating in expensive hotels as luxury (De Barnier, Falcy and Valette-Florence 2012). Halo effect is the usage of the global evaluation for making the judgments regarding some particular type of traits. The global characteristics are used for applying specific type of personality traits. The personality qualities have been only seen but these qualities have not been met. This phenomenon occurs unconsciously (Craik, 2015). Biases are unaware of due to the attractiveness of the person. The metaphor Halo is a type of phenomenon where in a particular type of characteristic outshines the other and this tends to affect the perception when the additional traits are considered (Featherstone 2013). The qualities that is associated with the attractive and the unattractive trait deal with social interation. There is a mentality that the beautiful are outgoing and friendly and the less attractive are shy and reserve. When there is positive network externality then there is a rise in the Bandwagon Effect. The Band Wagon effect is referred to as the demand or desire for a good who want to be stylish as the possessing of the particular type of good is in fashion (Arli, and Tjiptono 2015). The bandwagon effect is a very important concept for framing the advertising and the marketing strategies for the manufacturing companies who appeals to go for a good people of style and purchasing it. When there are negative network externalities then there is a rise of the snob effect. The term snob effect shows the desire for purchasing the unique type of commodity, which holds a prestigious value. The work of snob effect is in contrary to that of the Bandwagon effect. The quantity demanded of the commodity with greater amount of snob value then there will be lesser number of people who would be owning it. The gap that is present in the research is that there is no well-defined definition of luxury. Luxury tends to differ from the person to person. Research Methodology: Research methodology is a very important part of the research study. The researcher needs to apply the right research design so that the research objective can be met (Flick, 2015). In order to understand the luxury consumption pattern of the people there is a need for asking questions regarding their lifestyle , the class they belong to and the income pattern of the respondents. This would be helpful in distinguishing the type consumption. The questions that would be asked would be close ended and quantitative in nature (Cechanowicz et al. 2013). The responses of the people will be measured in the five point likert scale. There would be collection of the primary as well as secondary data for the research. The secondary research is based on the literature review, which is gathered from different type of different journal articles, books and the magazines (Blumberg, Cooper and Schindler 2014). Primary research is done on the consumers of luxury items. For primary collection of the data, it would be done through the distribution of the questionnaire 50 respondents from Australia who indulges in the consumption of the luxury goods (Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault 2015). The data would be collected within a timeframe of 3 to 6 months, which is June to December. Sampling: The sources for the data in case of the secondary research would be ideally collected from the recent journal articles on the luxury consumption behavior pattern of the people of Australia. The targeted populations among the respondents were mainly the young population who are within the age group of 25 to 30. This group mainly concentrates on luxury consumption. The 50 respondents who were selected through the simple random sampling so that there is people with almost all the age group. This will help in lowering the biasness in the result (Panneerselvam 2014). Report Type: The marketing managers will read this report as type of consumption pattern of the people is very important for them to decide the type of commodity to be designed for a particular segment. The manager on the basis of their luxury consumption will be deciding upon the advertising of the products. The manager might advertise a particular type of a product in a particular city while it might not promote that brand in another city as the latter city might have consumers who are not having the similar taste patterns or income. Thus, the Veblen effect, snob effect and the personality traits will help in deciding the products to be sold. Over all Evaluation: In order to perform any type of research, there is a quite amount of effort invested for it. The research would be done for 3 to 4 hours on a daily basis for a period of 3 to 6 months. During this time frame the data will be collected and the report will be written. The research would be taking around 12 weeks to complete. This is an acceptable period as primary collection of data is quite time consuming than conducting secondary research. The quantitative form of the research will help in gathering accurate amount of data, which would fulfil the objective. The research will be conducted during the time of June to December. References: Arli, D. and Tjiptono, F., 2015. Religion and Luxury Brand: Friend or Foe? Exploring the Impact of Religiousness on Luxury Brands Possession among Youth. In2015 Academy of Marketing Conference: The Magic in Marketing (Lisa O'Malley 7 July 2015 to 9 July 2015)(pp. 1-13). Academy of Marketing. Blumberg, B.F., Cooper, D.R. and Schindler, P.S., 2014.Business research methods. McGraw-hill education. Butcher, L. and Phau, I. (2015). Brand Prominence and Status in Luxury Consumption.GFMC, 3(2), pp.318-323. Cechanowicz, J., Gutwin, C., Brownell, B. and Goodfellow, L., 2013, October. Effects of gamification on participation and data quality in a real-world market research domain. InProceedings of the First International Conference on Gameful Design, Research, and Applications(pp. 58-65). ACM. Chan, W.W., To, C.K., Chu, A.W. and Zhang, Z., 2014. Behavioral Determinants that Drive Luxury Goods Consumption: A Study within the Tourist Context.Research Journal of Textile and Apparel,18(2), pp.84-95. Clift, R., Sim, S. and Sinclair, P., 2013. Sustainable Consumption and Production: quality, luxury and supply chain equity. InTreatise on sustainability science and engineering(pp. 291-309). Springer Netherlands. Craik, J., 2015. Challenges for Australian fashion.Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management,19(1), pp.56-68. De Barnier, V., Falcy, S. and Valette-Florence, P. (2012). Do consumers perceive three levels of luxury? A comparison of accessible, intermediate and inaccessible luxury brands.J Brand Manag, 19(7), pp.623-636. Featherstone, M., 2013. The Rich and the Super-rich: Mobility, Consumption and Luxury Lifestyle.Consumer Culture, Modernity and Identity, pp.3-44. Flick, U., 2015.Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. Sage. Hurriyetdailynews.com. (2016).Fashion - Luxury Consumption. [online] Available at: https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/luxury-consumption.aspx?pageID=500eid=154 [Accessed 3 Jul. 2016]. Joy, A., Wang, J., Chan, T., Sherry, J. and Cui, G. (2014). M(Art)Worlds: Consumer Perceptions of How Luxury Brand Stores Become Art Institutions.Journal of Retailing, 90(3), pp.347-364. Kim, J.E., Lloyd, S. and Cervellon, M.C., 2016. Narrative-transportation storylines in luxury brand advertising: Motivating consumer engagement.Journal of Business Research,69(1), pp.304-313. Liu, F., Li, J., Mizerski, D. and Soh, H., 2012. Self-congruity, brand attitude, and brand loyalty: a study on luxury brands.European Journal of Marketing,46(7/8), pp.922-937. Lloyd, J. and Cheah, I. (2015). Factors Affecting Consumer Attitude and Purchase Intention of Luxury Brands.GFMC, 5(2), pp.728-733. Panneerselvam, R., 2014.Research methodology. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Patino, A., Pitta, D.A. and Quinones, R., 2012. Social media's emerging importance in market research.Journal of Consumer Marketing,29(3), pp.233-237. Schade, M., Hegner, S., Horstmann, F. and Brinkmann, N., 2016. The impact of attitude functions on luxury brand consumption: An age-based group comparison.Journal of business research,69(1), pp.314-322. Sikkel, D. (2013). Brand relations and life course: Why old consumers love their brands.J Market Anal, 1(2), pp.71-80. Taylor, S.J., Bogdan, R. and DeVault, M., 2015.Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley Sons.

Macbeth Witches Essays (1393 words) - Characters In Macbeth

Macbeth Witches In Macbeth, the witches seem to be confusing figures, they are portrayed as dark, eccentric, and strangely amusing creatures. It doesn't seem that they have that much of an importance early on, but after finishing the story and truly comprehending, we see that the witches have done a lot. Through certain examples, and subtle clues displayed in the story, we can safely deduce that the"weird sisters" were specifically designed to implant ideas in Macbeth's brain, which later influence him by giving him all types of information that eventually affect his manner of handling greed, guilt, and other emotions that put him virtually on the edge of sanity. We see that the witches display a keen interest in Macbeth, reasons for the interest aren't exactly given, but illustrations of interest can be shown. As Berryman suggests, the witches have ulterior motives for Macbeth. We see this through Berryman's example, which states that at first, Macbeth is hailed as a great hero, but in his coming, he is hailed by the pricking of a witch's thumb. Which basically means that he is brought on a sort of omen, not portrayed as something that could be of some good. Berryman brings up the fact that the witches know that Macbeth shall be bad, it is not stated at this point of the story why, but it is just instilled that he is (321). This example illustrates the fact that the witches do not have the role of Macbeth's aids, but rather as Macbeth's bad influences. Which is also supported by Shwister in his line "Their appetite for mischief is infinite"(Shwister 60). Which tells us that the natural intent of the witches is to do evil, of which they can never be satisfied, which is displayed by the word "infinite" in the quote, and by then being naturally prone to evil, they act upon Macbeth in a negative type of influence. Influence is again illustrated when we see that the Macbeth meets the witches for the first time. The witches wish to receive complete attention from Macbeth, we see that they use sly ways of going about it. As Shwister states "When the Witches tell him that he will be Thane of Cawdor, and then King, they feed the secret dream he had shared only with his Lady"(59). This quote displays the fact that the witches know what is Macbeth's dark desire. By them knowing this we see the fact that don't just have some insight into Macbeth's inner knowing, but we also get the fact that they have an interest in Macbeth that can be shown by them giving Macbeth information that would excite his fancy. We can look at the above statement that Macbeth, after hearing this, begins to take on a transformation that Bloom marvelously compares to the story of Dr. Jeckyll and Mr. Hyde. "Visitors as we may (or may not) be, we fear that Macbeth, out Mr. Hyde, has the power to realize our own potential for active evil, poor Jeckyll eventually turns into Mr. Hyde and cannot get back; Shakespeare's art is to suggest we could have such a fate"(523). What this quote means is that Macbeth, after hearing what the witches have told him, has transformed from the innocent and kind Dr. Jeckyll, into the evil Mr. Hyde. Also, the last part of the quote states that Macbeth more than likely would not be able to turn back and change his way of thinking. Macbeth has changed, change in a manner that has left him in the realm between innocence and evil. De Quincey helps illustrate what Macbeth has turned into because of the ideas implanted by the witches, in his passage that states "With Macbeth and Lady Macbeth we are made to feel, by dialogue and soliloquy, that their human nature, the nature of love and mercy, has vanished, and the fiendish nature has taken it's place"(167). In this quote De Quincey brings into light the idea that Macbeth has changed, and put aside compassion and love, and replaced it with evil. Berryman also agrees on this fact, by his state "This is variously glossed by the commentators as "Superhuman," "subhuman," "devilish"; but the meaning is clear, that there is a possibility that the human Macbeth-the demonic"(321). In his quote Berryman states that Macbeth has changed into the most evil; demonic. By using the word demonic, we get the idea of utter and pure evil, evil without compassion, and evil without contest. Evil that cannot by denied. Evil is again illustrated

Free Essays on International Labor Organization

The International Labor Organization (ILO) estimates that 250 million children between the ages of five and fourteen work in developing countries – at least 120 million full time. Sixty-one percent of these are in Asia, 32 percent in Africa, and 7 percent in Latin America. Most working children in rural areas are found in agriculture; urban children work in trade and services, with fewer in manufacturing, construction and domestic service. Only an estimated 5 percent of child laborers work in export industries. Article 32 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child protects children from economic exploitation and work that is likely to be hazardous to the child’s development, or to interfere with the child’s education. It calls on states to take legislative and other measures, including sanctions and penalties, to guarantee this protection to children. Those addressing the issue of child labor are sometimes divided on how to proceed and consider a range of different approaches. Some urge that child labor be eliminated quickly and aggressively, including through the use of trade sanctions when countries or industries fail to act decisively. Some call for reforming the conditions in which children work with a view toward gradual elimination. Some believe that work plays an important and positive role in children's lives and in their relations with their families, and seek reform, but not an end to child labor. A simple approach of requiring employers to discharge all child workers can lead to devastating results for children removed from the workplace. Children discharged from work can find themselves on the street in prostitution or crime, or working in even worse conditions and for less pay. In tackling the issue of child labor, consideration of the immediate and direct consequences for working children and their families cannot be underestimated. The removal of children from the workforce can have devastating results fo... Free Essays on International Labor Organization Free Essays on International Labor Organization The International Labor Organization (ILO) estimates that 250 million children between the ages of five and fourteen work in developing countries – at least 120 million full time. Sixty-one percent of these are in Asia, 32 percent in Africa, and 7 percent in Latin America. Most working children in rural areas are found in agriculture; urban children work in trade and services, with fewer in manufacturing, construction and domestic service. Only an estimated 5 percent of child laborers work in export industries. Article 32 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child protects children from economic exploitation and work that is likely to be hazardous to the child’s development, or to interfere with the child’s education. It calls on states to take legislative and other measures, including sanctions and penalties, to guarantee this protection to children. Those addressing the issue of child labor are sometimes divided on how to proceed and consider a range of different approaches. Some urge that child labor be eliminated quickly and aggressively, including through the use of trade sanctions when countries or industries fail to act decisively. Some call for reforming the conditions in which children work with a view toward gradual elimination. Some believe that work plays an important and positive role in children's lives and in their relations with their families, and seek reform, but not an end to child labor. A simple approach of requiring employers to discharge all child workers can lead to devastating results for children removed from the workplace. Children discharged from work can find themselves on the street in prostitution or crime, or working in even worse conditions and for less pay. In tackling the issue of child labor, consideration of the immediate and direct consequences for working children and their families cannot be underestimated. The removal of children from the workforce can have devastating results fo...

Theme of Religion and Resistance in the Revolts of Nat Turner and Essay

Theme of Religion and Resistance in the Revolts of Nat Turner and Denmark Vesey Denmark Vesey Revolt - Essay Example Many Black slaves who lived in Charleston, South Carolina became aware of the plot. He had planned to murder the slave owners and get hold of the city and sail to Haiti after they rebelled. The revolt was reported to the slave masters by authority prior to its commencement and it was over before it even began. The upraising led to one hundred and thirty black slaves being arrested, sisxty seven people were convicted and other thirty five were hanged. Denmark was finally executed in 1822 after he was accused of plotting a slave rebellion. The Nat Turner rebellion is known as the most major incident of the Black rebellion against slavery in the South. Nat Turner was a black slave himself and he led an upraising in the Virginia, Southampton. A solar eclipse had occurred in February 1831 which Turner saw as the revelation for slave rebellion. Another eclipse occurred in August and Turner considered it as the final revelation. The revolt began in August, 21 when slaves went to each house freeing fellow slaves and murdering all white slave owners and their families whom they encountered. The revolt took two days and by the end about fifty seven white people were killed. Nat turner was arrested by the authorities on October 30, a week after he brought to trial and by November 11, he was executed.

Drug Store Drugstore and Pharmacy History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Drug Store Drugstore and Pharmacy History - Essay Example One such elixir was labeled â€Å"Soothing Baby Syrup† designed to be a deterrent for the crying baby (Drugstore Museum, 2004). This formula actually met up with its promises, however the baby would become addicted to opium which was the main ingredient. The most significant problem with patent medicine is that the individuals developing and marketing these products usually maintained no solid educational or research credentials. Instead, independent entrepreneurs would establish unsupervised â€Å"compounding† facilities, where development of these elixirs and formulas would occur. These medicines were then advertised in many magazines, retail stores and sales catalogs. Even Wards and Sears devoted a great deal of catalog space for the sale of these products which brought both firms considerable profit from interested buyers. In fact, the 1900 census indicated that consumers all over the country spent a combined $59 million on patent medicines (eNotes, 2012). Comparatively, in today’s economy, this would represent expenditures of approximately 1.5 billion dollars (Friedman, 2010). Clearly, patent medicine was very big business both for the seller and the various retailers distributing these products. Right around 1905, many journalists began to publicize the potential health risks of patent medicines in order to inform the public. This was a very courageous activity since there were many people in society that not only trusted in these products, but also had much profit potential at risk because of this negative publicity. At the same time, major respected retailers were making significant sales revenues on patent medicine and had much power in society. However, these journalists worked as the catalyst for establishing the Pure Food and Drug Act in 1906 which established regulations in labeling of patent medicines to prevent fraud or inaccurate promises that could not be justified through the